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[Complement, granulocytes and pulmonary capillaries].

P Solal-Celigny, M C Meyohas

    Revue Francaise Des Maladies Respiratoires
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation in pulmonary capillaries causes lung injury during procedures like hemodialysis. Complement activation (C5a) initiates this, potentially treatable with corticosteroids.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) aggregate on pulmonary capillary walls, causing alveolar-capillary membrane lesions.
    • This PMN aggregation is implicated in respiratory issues during hemodialysis, leukapheresis, and extracorporeal circulation.
    • Complement activation, specifically C5a formation, is a likely initiator of this leukocyte aggregation phenomenon.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism and contribution of leukocyte aggregation to respiratory abnormalities.
    • To elucidate the role of PMN aggregation in various lung injury models.
    • To explore the potential of corticosteroids in mitigating leukocyte aggregation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized experimental models to study intra-capillary leukocyte aggregation.

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  • Focused on conditions such as hemodialysis, leukapheresis, and extracorporeal circulation.
  • Examined the role of complement activation (C5a) in initiating the aggregation process.

    • Main Results:

    • Leukocyte aggregation within pulmonary capillaries contributes to lesions on the alveolar-capillary membrane.
    • This aggregation is a key factor in respiratory distress syndrome, immune complex-induced alveolitis, and oxygen toxicity.
    • Corticosteroids demonstrated an ability to inhibit leukocyte aggregation in specific contexts.

    Conclusions:

    • Intra-capillary leukocyte aggregation is a significant pathophysiological mechanism in several acute lung injury conditions.
    • Complement activation (C5a) plays a crucial role in initiating PMN aggregation.
    • Corticosteroids offer a potential therapeutic strategy for managing disorders involving leukocyte aggregation.