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Neardrowning and cold water immersion.

T G Martin

    Annals of Emergency Medicine
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Drowning is a major cause of accidental death, with hypoxia being the lethal factor. Prompt, aggressive treatment, even for seemingly lifeless victims, is crucial for survival, especially in cold water immersion cases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Drowning is a significant cause of accidental death.
    • Hypoxia is the primary lethal factor in drowning and near-drowning incidents.
    • Survival is possible even in cases of apparent death.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To emphasize the importance of aggressive treatment in drowning and near-drowning cases.
    • To highlight the role of hypothermia and the diving reflex in survival.
    • To provide guidance on managing near-drowning victims.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of cases involving drowning and near-drowning.
    • Discussion of physiological responses to cold water immersion.
    • Emphasis on immediate and aggressive medical intervention.

    Main Results:

    • Aggressive treatment at the scene and hospital improves outcomes.
    • Hypothermia and the diving reflex can lead to remarkable survival.
    • Victims may survive even when initially appearing lifeless.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt and aggressive medical management is vital for drowning victims.
    • Cold water immersion can paradoxically aid survival through hypothermia and the diving reflex.
    • The principle 'One is not dead until warm and dead' applies to cold water near-drowning.

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