An update on the early management of traumatic paraplegia (nonoperative and operative management)

Both the spinal cord physician and the spinal surgeon must be fully cognizant of the alterations of functions in multiple systems of the body caused by a spinal cord injury. Complications can easily arise, particularly within the respiratory, urinary, and integumentary systems. Most are preventable if the medical and nursing staff are sufficiently knowledgeable to anticipate them and if the necessary equipment and facilities are available. Regionalization of care with early referral to a spinal cord injury center has become a cost-effective way to manage these patients. Only if their medical needs are met and complications are prevented will surgery, performed to allow early mobilization, really accomplish the desired result. This update reviews the current medical and surgical points of view concerning diagnosis, fracture classification, spinal stability, reduction and stabilization of the fracture deformity, and spinal canal decompression.