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Genotoxicity studies with paracetamol.

E Dybing, J A Holme, W P Gordon

    Mutation Research
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Paracetamol and its metabolite NAPQI do not cause bacterial mutations but can damage DNA. This DNA interaction and damage occur at cytotoxic levels, indicating potential genotoxicity.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic.
    • Its reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), is implicated in hepatotoxicity.
    • The genotoxic potential of paracetamol and NAPQI requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the genotoxic potential of paracetamol and its metabolite NAPQI.
    • To investigate the interaction of paracetamol and NAPQI with DNA.
    • To assess the induction of DNA damage and repair synthesis by paracetamol and NAPQI.

    Main Methods:

    • Bacterial mutation assays (Salmonella typhimurium).
    • Covalent binding studies using radiolabeled paracetamol and mouse liver microsomes/hepatic DNA.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • DNA single-strand break analysis using alkaline elution in Reuber hepatoma cells.
  • DNA repair synthesis assays in isolated mouse liver cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Paracetamol and NAPQI did not induce bacterial mutations.
    • NAPQI exhibited severe cytotoxicity to bacteria.
    • Paracetamol covalently bound to DNA in vitro and in vivo following hepatotoxic doses.
    • NAPQI induced DNA single-strand breaks in hepatoma cells at cytotoxic concentrations.
    • Paracetamol induced DNA repair synthesis in mouse liver cells at cytotoxic concentrations, with enhanced effects in phenobarbital-pretreated mice.

    Conclusions:

    • Paracetamol and its metabolite NAPQI demonstrate genotoxic potential through DNA interaction and damage.
    • DNA damage, including single-strand breaks and covalent binding, occurs at cytotoxic concentrations.
    • These findings highlight the potential for paracetamol-induced DNA damage contributing to its toxicity.