[Allogeneic bone transplantation. Indications--preservation--results]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Traumatology
• Biomaterials Science

Context:

• The University Department of Traumatology Freiburg i.Br. has utilized deep-frozen preserved allogenous bone grafts for 15 years.
• Standardized organization and services of the "bone bank" facilitate consistent graft availability.
• Established indications include complex fractures and acetabular defects in total hip replacements.

Purpose:

• To outline the established indications and contraindications for using deep-frozen preserved allogenous cancellous bone grafts.
• To highlight the benefits of allografts in managing osseous defects, particularly in polytraumatized patients.
• To compare the efficacy and consolidation times of allografts versus autografts.

Summary:

• Deep-frozen allogenous cancellous bone grafts are indicated for fresh fractures with osseous defects and acetabular defects, provided the recipient site is well-vascularized and infection-free.
• Absolute contraindications include open fractures and local infections.
• Excellent results are achieved when transplantation criteria are met, with comparable consolidation to autografts after approximately 20 weeks.

Impact:

• Allografts serve as a valuable resource, especially for polytraumatized patients, conserving autogenous bone for more challenging reconstructive needs.
• The technique offers a reliable solution for significant bone defects, improving patient outcomes in trauma care.
• The availability and efficacy of preserved allografts enhance surgical options in reconstructive traumatology.