Mathematical modeling and simulation of the postural control loop. Part III

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics and Motor Control
• Neuroengineering and Systems Physiology

Background:

• The neuromuscular system's control principles are complex and challenging.
• Understanding peripheral subsystems is crucial for analyzing complex biological control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review engineering analysis and modeling of the neuromuscular system's peripheral postural control loop.
• To synthesize current knowledge on modeling electromyographic activity, muscle biomechanics, and proprioceptive receptors.

Main Methods:

• Review of input-output properties of the motoneuron pool.
• Modeling of motor unit action potentials and electromyographic (EMG) activity analysis.
• Biomechanical muscle models (Hill-based, sliding filament theory) and proprioceptive receptor models (muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ).

Main Results:

• Quantification of EMG activity and its relationship to muscle force.
• Integration of muscle and receptor models within the peripheral control loop framework.
• Discussion of simulation applications for physiological behaviors like tremor.

Conclusions:

• Engineering models provide a quantitative framework for studying the peripheral postural control loop.
• These models are essential for understanding physiological system behaviors and control mechanisms.