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Pulmonary surfactant.

F Possmayer, S H Yu, J M Weber

    Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Revue Canadienne De Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pulmonary surfactant, a lung material composed of lipids and proteins, reduces surface tension for breathing. Artificial surfactants and natural lipid extracts improve infant respiratory distress syndrome.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary medicine
    • Biochemistry
    • Respiratory physiology

    Background:

    • The mammalian lung relies on pulmonary surfactant to reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface during respiration.
    • Pulmonary surfactant is primarily composed of lipids (90%) and proteins (10%).
    • Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine is the key lipid component responsible for significant surface tension reduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms of pulmonary surfactant function.
    • To explore discrepancies in surfactant activity assays.
    • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of artificial and natural surfactant extracts.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Wilhelmy plate surface balance and pulsating bubble surfactometer assays.
    • Investigated the roles of lipid and protein components in surfactant activity.

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  • Assessed the efficacy of artificial surfactants and natural lipid extracts.

    • Main Results:

    • Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine significantly reduces surface tension.
    • Discrepancies in assay results suggest distinct protein-facilitated and protein-mediated processes.
    • Artificial surfactants mimic natural surfactant properties.
    • Lipid extract treatment improved gaseous exchange in infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary surfactant's surface tension-reducing ability is critical for lung function.
    • Different assay methods may reflect distinct mechanisms of surfactant action.
    • Synthetic and natural surfactant preparations show therapeutic promise for respiratory distress.