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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Molecular Orbital Theory I02:35

Molecular Orbital Theory I

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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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[Computer tomography of the orbit].

G H Schneider

    Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
    |February 18, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Computed tomography (CT) scans accurately define orbital tumor size and location. However, CT is less effective than sonography for distinguishing benign from malignant orbital tumors, necessitating its use as a complementary diagnostic tool.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Radiology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Computed tomography (CT) scanning utilizes differences in tissue absorption for orbital imaging.
    • Accurate definition of intraorbital tumors regarding size, position, and extent is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of CT scanning in characterizing orbital tumors.
    • To determine the complementary role of sonography in the diagnosis of orbital tumors.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized CT scanning to analyze the absorption characteristics of orbital tissues.
    • Compared CT findings with sonographic data for tumor differentiation.

    Main Results:

    • CT scanning effectively delineates the size, topographic position, and extent of intraorbital tumors.
    • CT scanning shows limitations in differentiating between benign and malignant orbital tumors compared to sonography.

    Conclusions:

    • CT scanning is a valuable tool for defining the anatomical characteristics of orbital tumors.
    • Sonography serves as a necessary complementary modality for improving the diagnostic accuracy of orbital tumor characterization, particularly in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.