Exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal cultures

Exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal pathogens are playing a new and significant role in the diagnostic laboratory. Properly performed and controlled exoantigen tests lead to rapid, accurate identification of cultures of many fungal pathogens. The tests are particularly valuable in identifying dimorphic pathogens that are difficult to convert or with atypical cultures. We review the value of exoantigen tests for identifying mycelial form fungi: Aspergillus spp. Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Exophiala jeanselmei, Histoplasma spp., Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Pseudallescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii, Wangiella dermatitidis and certain dermatophytes. We discuss procedures for performing the tests and sources of error.