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Antioxidant system in sickle red cells.

L Beretta, G C Gerli, R Ferraresi

    Acta Haematologica
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Individuals with sickle cell trait experience increased oxidative stress due to abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS). Their antioxidant systems are unbalanced, with low catalase activity, leaving them vulnerable to red blood cell damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Hematology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Erythrocytes with abnormal hemoglobins exhibit increased affinity for the red cell membrane.
    • This abnormal binding leads to enhanced oxidative stress and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, particularly in sickle cells.
    • Sickle cell trait (heterozygous for HbS) involves an abnormal hemoglobin with high red cell membrane affinity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the erythrocyte antioxidant system in individuals with sickle cell trait.
    • To investigate the impact of membrane-bound HbS on oxidant stress and antioxidant defenses.
    • To determine if the antioxidant system can mitigate damage from free radical production.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of erythrocyte antioxidant system components in 20 subjects heterozygous for sickle cell anemia.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of reduced glutathione levels.
  • Assay of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities.

    • Main Results:

    • Subjects with sickle cell trait showed normal reduced glutathione levels.
    • Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased.
    • Catalase activity was found to be low in these subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • The erythrocyte antioxidant system in sickle cell trait is unbalanced.
    • Increased oxygen free radical production by membrane-bound HbS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity.
    • The observed antioxidant profile suggests an inability to prevent oxidative damage in sickle cell trait erythrocytes.