Management of benign fistulae between Zenker's diverticulum and the trachea

Cases of acquired benign fistula of the respiratory tree and esophagus have been reported in relation to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and trauma. Fistula formation between the trachea and a Zenker's diverticulum is a similar type of condition in which nutritional and immunological deficiencies can rapidly result in further complications which may mimic a malignancy. Spontaneous fistula formation and vocal cord paralysis may result. Surgical management of this condition includes interposing viable muscle between the esophagus and trachea at the repair site.