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Urinary acidifiers in phencyclidine detoxification.

G M Simpson, A M Khajawall

    The Hillside Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Urinary acidification effectively lowers urine pH to enhance phencyclidine (PCP) excretion. Recommended methods include ammonium chloride, lysine dihydrochloride, or lysine hydrochloride, alongside cranberry juice for improved tolerability and efficacy in PCP abuse treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Toxicology
    • Urology

    Background:

    • Urinary acidification is a common method to increase phencyclidine (PCP) excretion in abusers.
    • Various techniques exist, necessitating a comparison of their efficacy, side effects, and patient acceptance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy and tolerability of different urinary acidification methods for enhancing PCP excretion.

    Main Methods:

    • Evaluation of ammonium chloride, lysine dihydrochloride, and lysine hydrochloride for urinary acidification.
    • Assessment of efficacy in lowering urine pH, side effect profiles, and patient acceptability.
    • Utilized routine monitoring with test tapes for data collection.

    Main Results:

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  • Ammonium chloride (4 gm/day), lysine dihydrochloride (6 gm/day), and lysine hydrochloride (8 gm/day) were found to be efficacious.
  • These methods, when administered with sufficient water or cranberry juice, were reasonably well tolerated.
  • Cranberry juice alone or in combination with other agents also demonstrated effectiveness.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ammonium chloride and specific lysine formulations are recommended for urinary acidification to increase PCP excretion.
    • These treatments offer a balance of efficacy and patient tolerability.
    • Cranberry juice serves as a viable adjunct or standalone option.