Usefulness of Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis in carcinogenicity testing: advantages and special problems

Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis, two species of cyprinodontid fishes studied extensively and used in toxicological and biological investigations, are compared as laboratory test animals. Their ecology, general biology, and suitability for various types of experimentation are examined. A laboratory system for exposure of these species at critical life stages (embryos, fry, juveniles) to suspect carcinogens is described. A discussion of the use, findings, and potential of these species in oncological studies and carcinogen assays is presented, particularly in regard to responses to 3 known or suspect carcinogens (trifluralin, benzidine, and aflatoxin). Finally, advantages and disadvantages or special problems in using the species as carcinogen test animals are reviewed.