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A theory of modular evolution for bacteriophages.

D Botstein

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Modular evolution, supported by genetic evidence, explains how bacteriophages and potentially animal viruses spread and adapt. This theory highlights interchangeable genetic modules driving viral adaptation across diverse hosts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The modular theory of virus evolution is well-supported in temperate bacteriophages of enteric bacteria.
    • Genetic and DNA heteroduplex evidence suggests modular evolution also occurs in virulent bacteriophages.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the evidence for modular evolution in various bacteriophage families.
    • To assess the applicability of modular evolution to viruses of higher organisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of genetic and DNA heteroduplex evidence in bacteriophages.
    • Comparison of viral evolution mechanisms across different host types.

    Main Results:

    • Modular evolution explains the diffusion of homologous bacteriophages into highly divergent bacterial hosts.
    • This model accounts for conserved regulatory schemes alongside rapidly diverging functional units.
    • Observed similarities in animal viruses suggest they may also evolve via interchangeable modules.

    Conclusions:

    • Modular evolution is a significant mechanism for bacteriophage adaptation and diversification.
    • The principles of modular evolution likely extend to viruses infecting higher organisms, including animals.

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