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Screening for disability in the inner city.

D L Patrick, S C Darby, S Green

    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A study in Lambeth found 15.4% of adults have disabilities, with hearing difficulties most common. Age, marital, and work status significantly impact disability prevalence, suggesting broader assessment criteria are needed.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Social Medicine

    Background:

    • Disability prevalence and associated factors require ongoing population-based research.
    • Understanding functional limitations and activity restrictions is crucial for public health planning.
    • Existing criteria for disability identification may not capture all affected individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To estimate the point prevalence of disability in adults aged 16 and over in the London borough of Lambeth.
    • To identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with disability.
    • To inform potential revisions of disability assessment criteria.

    Main Methods:

    • A 10% sample of private households was screened using a postal questionnaire.
    • Disability was defined as functional limitations or activity restrictions.

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  • Log-linear modelling was used to analyze associated factors.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall point prevalence of disability was 15.4%.
    • Most frequently reported impairments involved sense organs, bones, and nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems.
    • Hearing difficulties were the most common functional limitation.
    • Age, marital status, and working status were strongly associated with disability.
    • Specific subgroups, including older, non-working men in manual occupations and those living alone, reported higher disability rates.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights significant disability prevalence in the surveyed population.
    • Factors such as age and socioeconomic status are key determinants of disability.
    • Current disability assessment criteria may need broadening to include a wider range of functional limitations and activity restrictions.
    • Public health services should consider targeted interventions for high-risk groups.