Interactions of inorganic phosphate with spinach coupling factor 1. Effects on ATPase and ADP binding activities

Illumination of chloroplast thylakoid membranes results in both the release of adenine nucleotides from the tight nucleotide binding site(s) on chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) and the activation of a light-triggered ATPase activity of CF1. Because inorganic phosphate stabilizes the light-triggered ATPase activity of CF1 in the dark, the effects of Pi on the rebinding of ADP to CF1 and on the light-triggered ATPase activity have been studied. Pi appears to be a partial noncompetitive inhibitor, with respect to ADP, of adenine nucleotide binding to the tight nucleotide binding site(s) on CF1 and induces negative cooperativity. The latter result suggests the existence of heterogeneous ADP binding sites in the presence of Pi. However, even under conditions where Pi causes a 50% reduction of tightly bound ADP, the ADP-induced dark decay of the ATPase activity is still complete. It was found that Pi inhibition of the light-induced dark binding of ADP can be reversed by the removal of the Pi. Removal of Pi also induces a small but significant ATPase activity. A model for the roles of the adenine nucleotide tight binding site(s) and Pi in the modulation of the spinach CF1 ATPase activity is proposed.