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Plutonium-induced wounds in beagles.

G E Dagle, R W Bristline, J L Lebel

    Health Physics
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Subcutaneous plutonium exposure in beagle dogs showed localized retention in paws. Translocated plutonium primarily accumulated in lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, with some dogs developing tumors.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Radiochemistry
    • Veterinary Pathology

    Background:

    • Occupational exposure to plutonium can occur through contaminated wounds.
    • Understanding plutonium's translocation and long-term effects is crucial for risk assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the distribution and effects of subcutaneously implanted plutonium in beagle dogs.
    • To mimic plutonium hand contamination in workers and assess associated risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Beagle dogs received subcutaneous implants of plutonium oxide or plutonium nitrate in their forepaws.
    • Radionuclide analysis, histopathology, and autoradiography were performed on various tissues.
    • Dogs were sacrificed at 5 or 8 years post-exposure.

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    Main Results:

    • Plutonium was sequestered in scar tissue at the injection site (21% for oxide, 16% for nitrate).
    • Highest translocated activity was found in regional lymph nodes, with different distribution patterns for oxide vs. nitrate.
    • Liver and spleen showed significant plutonium accumulation; osteosarcomas and hepatomas were observed in one plutonium-oxide-injected dog.

    Conclusions:

    • Subcutaneous plutonium exposure leads to localized retention and translocation to lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
    • The form of plutonium (oxide vs. nitrate) influences its distribution in lymph nodes.
    • No unique risks were identified for the subcutaneous route of plutonium exposure in dogs, but tumor development is a concern.