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Related Experiment Videos

Colour pattern modification by coldshock in Lepidoptera.

H F Nijhout

    Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cold shock in butterfly pupae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) induces abnormal wing patterns. These aberrant patterns form consistent series, revealing common developmental physiology and homologies across species and wing surfaces.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental biology
    • Evolutionary biology
    • Insect morphology

    Background:

    • Butterfly wing patterns are complex traits influenced by genetics and environment.
    • Environmental stressors during development can lead to phenotypic anomalies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of cold shock on wing pattern development in Vanessa cardui, V. virginiensis, and Precis coenia.
    • To determine if aberrant patterns exhibit conserved developmental pathways or homologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Exposure of young pupae to severe cold shock.
    • Morphological analysis of adult wing patterns.
    • Comparative analysis of phenotypic series across species and wing surfaces.

    Main Results:

    • Cold shock consistently induced a range of aberrant adult wing patterns in all studied species.
    • Aberrant patterns within each species formed a single, unbranched morphological series.
    • Cross-species and cross-wing surface comparisons revealed parallel modifications and trends, indicating homologies in pattern elements.

    Conclusions:

    • A common underlying physiology likely governs the development of diverse normal and aberrant color patterns.
    • Phenotypic series may represent sequential developmental stages or quantitative variations in gradient interpretation.
    • Color pattern morphoclines offer insights into developmental adjacencies and the evolution of butterfly wing patterns.

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