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Related Concept Videos

What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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pH Homeostasis01:31

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Acid-base homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities in humans. The pH of various body fluids is strictly regulated because it is critical for the optimal activity of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions. Enzymes are basically proteins, so, any significant change in pH can affect their structure and activity. In humans, pH is regulated using three primary mechanisms— chemical buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation.
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

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Homeostasis despite instability.

W Duncan1, J Best2, M Golubitsky2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Mathematical Biosciences
|March 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biochemical feedback inhibition can lead to unstable oscillations within the homeostatic plateau. However, the system can maintain homeostasis if these oscillations are small, demonstrating complex regulatory dynamics.

Keywords:
BiochemistryChair curveFeedback inhibitionHomeostasisInstability

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Homeostatic mechanisms in biochemistry often exhibit a
  • chair
  • shape, characterized by a stable plateau where a variable changes little with input parameter variations.
  • Previously, all studied steady states were stable across the input parameter range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of the feedback inhibition motif in biochemical systems.
  • To explore the conditions under which homeostasis can be maintained despite potential instability.
  • To analyze the complex dependencies of oscillatory behavior on system parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the feedback inhibition motif using mathematical modeling.
  • Identification of Hopf bifurcations to determine stability loss and regain.
  • Investigation of limit cycle oscillations and their characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that stability can be lost via a Hopf bifurcation on the homeostatic plateau for the feedback inhibition motif.
  • Showed that stability can be regained through a subsequent Hopf bifurcation.
  • Identified that small limit cycle oscillations within the unstable interval allow for the maintenance of homeostasis.
  • Revealed complex dependencies of oscillation existence, length, and amplitude on inhibition function properties, chain length, and leakage parameter.

Conclusions:

  • The feedback inhibition motif can exhibit unstable dynamics (oscillations) on the homeostatic plateau.
  • Homeostasis can be preserved even with transient instability if oscillations are sufficiently small.
  • The oscillatory behavior is intricately regulated by the interplay of inhibition function, system length, and leakage, offering novel insights into biochemical regulation.