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Bovine allergic pneumonitis: an acute outbreak associated with mouldy hay
Abstract:
An outbreak of acute bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia is reported in association with feeding mouldy hay. Results of serological investigation and of provocation challenge indicated a hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to allergens of Micropolyspora faeni. Macroscopic and microscopic pulmonary changes were predominantly those of oedema and emphysema. These lesions were contrasted with more chronic changes reported in allergic pneumonitis of housed cattle.
Insights
An outbreak of acute bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia was linked to moldy hay. This hypersensitivity pneumonitis was caused by Micropolyspora faeni allergens, leading to lung edema and emphysema in affected cattle.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Pulmonary Pathology
- Immunology
Background:
- Acute bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia outbreaks can occur in cattle.
- Moldy hay is a potential environmental trigger for respiratory diseases in livestock.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause of an acute bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia outbreak.
- To identify the specific allergens responsible for the observed hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Main Methods:
- Serological investigations were conducted on affected cattle.
- Provocation challenges were performed to assess hypersensitivity.
- Macroscopic and microscopic examination of pulmonary tissues was carried out.
Main Results:
- Results indicated hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Micropolyspora faeni allergens.
- Pulmonary changes included significant edema and emphysema.
- Acute lesions differed from chronic changes seen in other forms of allergic pneumonitis.
Conclusions:
- Micropolyspora faeni allergens in moldy hay are a likely cause of acute bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia.
- The study highlights the importance of forage quality in preventing respiratory disease outbreaks in cattle.
- Understanding the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is crucial for effective herd management.