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Nutrition and the pill.

L B Tyrer

    The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Oral contraceptives (OCs) impact nutrient levels, decreasing some like riboflavin and increasing others such as vitamin A. Women with adequate diets generally do not need supplements when taking OCs.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional biochemistry
    • Pharmacology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used for birth control.
    • Beyond their primary function, OCs influence various metabolic and nutritional processes.
    • The specific effects of OCs on nutrient levels require detailed examination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of oral contraceptives on physiological nutrient levels.
    • To identify specific vitamins and minerals affected by OC use.
    • To determine the clinical significance of these changes for women with adequate diets.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on oral contraceptive use and nutrient status.
    • Analysis of studies reporting changes in vitamin and mineral levels associated with OCs.
    Keywords:
    Ascorbic AcidBiologyContraceptionContraceptive AgentsContraceptive Agents, FemaleContraceptive MethodsFamily PlanningHemic SystemMetabolic EffectsOral ContraceptivesPhysiologySerum Copper LevelSerum Iron LevelSerum Zinc LevelVitamin AVitamin B ComplexVitamins--changes

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  • Synthesis of data on nutrient depletions and elevations.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral contraceptive use was associated with decreased levels of riboflavin, pyridoxine, folacin, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, and zinc.
    • Conversely, OC use led to increased levels of vitamin C, iron, copper, and vitamin A.
    • These alterations were observed in the context of metabolic and nutritional processes.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral contraceptives significantly alter the physiological levels of several essential nutrients.
    • Women with adequate dietary intake generally do not require vitamin or mineral supplementation when using OCs.
    • The observed increases in certain nutrients due to OCs do not necessitate medical intervention.