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Related Experiment Videos

New generation tissue valves. Their in vitro function in the mitral position.

D K Walker, L N Scotten, R T Brownlee

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study assessed six tissue heart valves, comparing porcine and pericardial types under simulated heart rhythms. Pericardial valves showed higher energy loss and regurgitation during simulated tachycardia.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Medical Device Evaluation

    Background:

    • Tissue heart valves are crucial for treating valvular heart disease.
    • Understanding in vitro performance differences between valve types is essential for clinical decision-making.
    • Porcine and pericardial valves represent common prosthetic options.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate and compare the in vitro functional performance of six different tissue heart valves from four manufacturers.
    • To assess valve hemodynamics, including transvalvular pressure, regurgitation, and energy loss, under simulated physiological conditions.
    • To determine how simulated cardiac rhythms, including sinus rhythm and supraventricular tachycardia, affect tissue valve function.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a pulse duplicator system to simulate human cardiovascular conditions.

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  • Tested one porcine bioprosthesis and five pericardial valves under varying heart rates (60-200 beats/min) and stroke volumes (30-70 ml).
  • Quantified mean transvalvular pressure, regurgitation volume, and transvalvular energy loss for each valve under each condition.

    • Main Results:

    • The porcine valve exhibited the highest mean transvalvular pressure during forward flow.
    • Total transvalvular energy loss varied between 3% and 12% across all tested valves and conditions.
    • All tested valves demonstrated increased energy loss and regurgitation during simulated supraventricular tachycardia compared to sinus rhythm.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue heart valve performance varies significantly based on material (porcine vs. pericardial) and design.
    • Simulated supraventricular tachycardia significantly impacts the hemodynamic function of tissue valves, increasing energy loss and regurgitation.
    • These in vitro findings provide valuable data for understanding tissue valve behavior under different physiological stresses.