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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
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A microprocessor-based system for readout of x-ray penetrameter films.

M Nieman, M Davison, A L Evans

    Physics in Medicine and Biology
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new microprocessor instrument enables rapid analysis of penetrameter films using a handheld probe. This device automatically compensates for light source variations and records results, improving X-ray quality control.

    Area of Science:

    • Radiography and Materials Science
    • Instrumentation and Measurement

    Background:

    • Penetrameter films are crucial for assessing radiographic image quality.
    • Manual analysis of penetrameter films can be time-consuming and prone to errors.
    • Non-uniformity in X-ray viewing boxes can affect optical density measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a microprocessor-based instrument for rapid and accurate analysis of penetrameter films.
    • To automate compensation for X-ray viewing box non-uniformity.
    • To provide a reliable method for optical density spot readouts.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of a microprocessor-based instrument with a handheld probe.
    • Implementation of automatic compensation for viewing box light source non-uniformity.

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  • Development of a system for paper recording of procedures and results.
  • Capability for easy modification of penetrameter calibration data.
  • Main Results:

    • The instrument allows for rapid analysis of standard penetrameter films.
    • Automatic compensation ensures accurate optical density measurements.
    • The system provides a documented record of analysis procedures and outcomes.
    • The instrument is versatile, also enabling spot readouts of optical density.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed instrument offers a significant improvement in the efficiency and accuracy of penetrameter film analysis.
    • This technology enhances quality control in radiographic applications.
    • The instrument's features facilitate ease of use, calibration, and data recording.