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The timeout ribbon: a nonexclusionary timeout procedure.

R M Foxx, S T Shapiro

    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a non-exclusionary timeout procedure using a ribbon system to reduce disruptive behaviors in special education. The ribbon timeout effectively decreased misbehavior, proving practical for teachers.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Special Education
    • Applied Behavior Analysis

    Background:

    • Traditional exclusionary timeout is increasingly restricted.
    • A need exists for effective, non-exclusionary behavior management strategies.
    • Disruptive behaviors in special education settings require innovative solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a non-exclusionary timeout procedure.
    • To reduce disruptive behaviors in severely disabled children.
    • To assess the practicality and acceptability of the novel timeout method.

    Main Methods:

    • A ribbon-based timeout procedure was implemented in a special education classroom.
    • Reinforcement was provided for appropriate behavior, with ribbon removal for misbehavior.

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  • An ABCBC reversal design tracked behavioral changes across conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Disruptive behaviors decreased from 42% (baseline) and 32% (reinforcement-only) to 6% during timeout.
    • The procedure was successfully implemented independently by the teacher and another educator.
    • High acceptability was reported by mental health professionals.

    Conclusions:

    • The ribbon timeout procedure is a viable alternative to exclusionary timeout.
    • The method effectively reduced disruptive behaviors in severely disabled children.
    • The procedure demonstrates practicality and acceptability for classroom use.