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Breathing patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

B Loveridge, P West, N R Anthonisen

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit altered breathing patterns, including faster breathing and reduced variability. These changes may indicate adjustments in neural control of breathing due to the disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation.
    • Altered breathing patterns are common in COPD patients, but their specific characteristics and underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the breathing pattern and its variability in stable COPD patients compared to healthy controls.
    • To explore potential links between breathing pattern alterations and neural control of respiration in COPD.

    Main Methods:

    • Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) was used to record resting breathing for 45 minutes in 12 COPD patients and 8 healthy controls.
    • Rib cage and abdominal RIP signals were analyzed to derive respiratory cycle timing components, including inspiratory time, expiratory time, and tidal volume.

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  • Breathing pattern variability was assessed using coefficients of variation for key timing parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • COPD patients demonstrated significantly shorter inspiratory and expiratory times, and greater mean inspiratory flow compared to controls.
    • Breathing frequency and minute ventilation were significantly higher in the COPD group.
    • Breathing pattern variability, specifically for inspiratory time, total respiratory cycle time, and inspiratory flow, was significantly lower in COPD patients, even after excluding sighs.

    Conclusions:

    • Stable COPD patients exhibit a distinct breathing pattern characterized by faster, less variable breathing.
    • These alterations in breathing pattern and its variability suggest adaptive changes in the neural control of breathing in response to COPD.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise neural mechanisms driving these observed breathing pattern modifications in COPD.