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Experimental ochratoxicosis A in pigs.

M O Tapia, A A Seawright

    Australian Veterinary Journal
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Young pigs fed diets contaminated with Ochratoxin A (OA) experienced reduced weight gain and kidney damage. Higher OA doses caused significant illness, indicating a risk to swine health from contaminated feed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Animal Nutrition
    • Mycotoxicology

    Background:

    • Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, commonly found on mold-affected grains.
    • OA contamination in animal feed poses a significant risk to livestock health and productivity.
    • Recent findings indicate OA presence in Queensland grain, necessitating investigation into its effects on pigs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the toxicological effects of Ochratoxin A on young pigs.
    • To establish dose-response relationships for OA-induced toxicity in swine.
    • To assess the risk of OA contamination in pig feed in Queensland.

    Main Methods:

    • Ochratoxin A was isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus cultures.
    • Young pigs (14 kg) were fed diets containing OA at 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg for 6-20 days.

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  • Clinical signs, growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, and kidney pathology were evaluated.

    • Main Results:

    • The highest OA dose (16 mg/kg) induced severe clinical signs, including appetite loss, weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, and significant renal damage (tubular degeneration, cortical fibrosis).
    • Intermediate doses (4 and 8 mg/kg) resulted in reduced weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency, accompanied by mild renal lesions.
    • The lowest dose (2 mg/kg) showed minimal effects, with only slight renal tubular degeneration in one pig.

    Conclusions:

    • Ochratoxin A contamination in pig feed can lead to reduced growth performance and significant kidney damage.
    • Dose-dependent toxicity was observed, with higher levels causing severe clinical illness and nephrotoxicity.
    • These findings suggest that Ochratoxin A in contaminated feed may be responsible for unexplained nephrotoxicity cases in pigs in Queensland.