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Glucose intolerance in sarcoma patients.

J A Norton, M Maher, R Wesley

    Cancer
    |December 15, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Early glucose intolerance is detectable in sarcoma patients before cachexia appears. This mild impairment in glucose clearance correlates with tumor size and is more pronounced in patients with lower body weight.

    Area of Science:

    • Metabolic research
    • Oncology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with cancer, characterized by involuntary weight loss and muscle wasting.
    • Early detection of metabolic alterations in cancer patients is crucial for timely intervention.
    • Sarcoma, a type of cancer, can lead to significant metabolic disturbances.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether glucose intolerance can be identified in patients with localized sarcoma before the onset of clinical cachexia.
    • To assess the relationship between glucose metabolism, tumor burden, and body weight in sarcoma patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, glucagon, and free fatty acids (FFA) in 27 sarcoma patients.
    • An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed to calculate the glucose disappearance rate (K).

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  • K values were compared to normal controls and advanced cancer patients, and correlated with tumor volume.

    • Main Results:

    • Fasting glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels were normal, but fasting FFA levels were slightly elevated.
    • Sarcoma patients exhibited significantly lower glucose disappearance rates (K) compared to controls (P=0.04).
    • K levels correlated inversely with tumor volume (r=-0.34, P=0.04) and were lowest in patients below ideal weight.

    Conclusions:

    • Mild glucose intolerance, indicated by reduced glucose clearance, is an early metabolic change in untreated sarcoma patients.
    • This glucose intolerance precedes the clinical signs of cachexia and is associated with tumor burden.
    • Weight status significantly influences glucose tolerance in sarcoma patients, with lower weight correlating with poorer glucose clearance.