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Inspiratory flow pattern in humans.

C L Lafortuna, A E Minetti, P Mognoni

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The respiratory system uses a more energy-efficient inspiratory airflow pattern during exercise and maximum ventilation than previously assumed. This finding suggests a physiological controller optimizes breathing mechanics for reduced work of breathing.

    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Biomechanics
    • Bioenergetics

    Background:

    • The work of breathing is often modeled using a sinusoidal inspiratory airflow pattern.
    • Energetic analyses suggest a rectangular airflow wave is more economical than a sine wave.
    • Visual data indicate a potential shift towards more rectangular airflow waves during exertion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the harmonic content of inspiratory airflow waves in humans.
    • To compare the energetic economy of experimental airflow patterns with sinusoidal and rectangular models.
    • To determine if the respiratory system optimizes inspiratory flow during increased demand.

    Main Methods:

    • Fourier analysis of inspiratory flow waves recorded from healthy subjects.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of experimental data with sinusoidal and rectangular airflow models.
  • Evaluation of airflow patterns at rest, during exercise hyperventilation, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV).

    • Main Results:

    • At rest, experimental airflow waves closely approximated the sinusoidal model in terms of dynamic work.
    • During exercise hyperventilation and MVV, experimental waves were 16-20% more economical than sinusoidal waves.
    • The findings suggest a deviation from the sinusoidal model towards a more economical pattern under increased respiratory load.

    Conclusions:

    • The sinusoidal model is a reasonable approximation of resting inspiratory flow.
    • During exercise and MVV, a physiological controller likely optimizes inspiratory patterns for greater economy.
    • The respiratory system demonstrates adaptive strategies to minimize the work of breathing during high demand.