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Respiratory changes in parasternal intercostal length.

M Decramer, A De Troyer

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Parasternal intercostal muscles actively aid rib cage expansion during quiet breathing in dogs. Their contribution to breathing is significant but smaller than the diaphragm, with operating lengths varying based on muscle recruitment.

    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Musculoskeletal Biomechanics

    Background:

    • The precise role of parasternal intercostal muscles in respiration remains incompletely understood.
    • Previous studies have debated whether these muscles act as primary agonists or secondary fixators during breathing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the functional role of parasternal intercostal muscles in respiratory mechanics.
    • To quantify changes in parasternal intercostal muscle length during various respiratory maneuvers in dogs.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurements of parasternal intercostal muscle length changes using sonomicrometry in 10 anesthetized dogs.
    • Inclusion of static respiratory maneuvers (passive inflation, isovolume maneuvers, body position changes) and dynamic breathing.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Parasternal intercostals shortened during rib cage inflation and lengthened during contraction, with smaller length changes compared to the diaphragm.
    • In intact dogs, parasternal intercostal shortening during quiet inspiration averaged 3.5%, comparable to passive inflation.
    • After phrenicotomy, parasternal intercostal shortening increased significantly, while tidal volume decreased, indicating an agonist role.

    Conclusions:

    • Parasternal intercostal muscles function as active agonists, contributing to rib cage and lung expansion during quiet inspiration in dogs.
    • The relationship between lung volume and parasternal muscle length is dynamic, influenced by the recruitment of other inspiratory muscles.
    • The physiological operating length range of parasternal intercostals is considerably narrower than that of the diaphragm.