Selected testicular enzymes as biochemical markers for procarbazine-induced testicular toxicity

Single doses of procarbazine (MIH) were injected IP at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight to CD-1 male mice. Activities of hyaluronidase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X, and the dehydrogenases of sorbitol, alpha-glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, malate, isocitrate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the testes of the mice were determined and correlated with changes in spermatogenic cell types in seminiferous tubules. All enzyme activities were higher than controls or remained unchanged on days 10-20 after drug treatment. Activities of hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X decreased significantly to below normal levels on day 30 after drug treatment for all doses, whereas those of the other five dehydrogenases remained significantly higher than controls. All enzyme activities approached control levels with the concomitant recovery of spermatogenesis by day 60 after drug treatment. Histological examination of seminiferous tubules revealed that premeiotic spermatocytes were significantly reduced on days 10-20 but reappeared on day 30 after MIH treatment (400 mg/kg). The postmeiotic spermatogenic cells were unaffected at the time of MIH treatment, but had disappeared completely on day 30 after drug treatment. MIH, at the highest dosage, selectively destroyed spermatogonia and premeiotic spermatocytes; however spermatozoa and elongated spermatides were unaffected. This study demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of MIH on spermatogenesis could be evaluated via changes in testicular enzyme activities. The present studies demonstrated that hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X could serve as useful biochemical markers for assessing testicular toxicity induced by drugs and chemicals.