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Neonatal antithrombin III.

M Peters, E Jansen, J W ten Cate

    British Journal of Haematology
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Neonates show a reduced ratio of antithrombin III (AT-III) heparin cofactor activity to antigen levels. This finding in infant plasma is consistent across healthy and ill infants, suggesting a unique neonatal physiological state.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Neonatal physiology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Antithrombin III (AT-III) is a critical regulator of coagulation.
    • Understanding AT-III function in neonates is vital due to their unique hemostatic system.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate antithrombin III (AT-III) heparin cofactor activity and antigen levels in neonatal plasma.
    • To determine the activity/antigen (act/ag) ratio in term and preterm neonates.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 106 plasma samples from 42 term and preterm neonates.
    • Assay techniques were modified to exclude laboratory artifacts.
    • Comparison with healthy adult controls.

    Main Results:

    • A reduced AT-III act/ag ratio (0.26-0.86) was observed in 90% of neonatal samples.

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  • This reduction was independent of the infant's health status.
  • Circulating AT-III-thrombin complexes and increased heparin cofactor II levels did not explain the discrepancy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Neonates exhibit a significantly reduced AT-III heparin cofactor activity relative to their antigen levels.
    • The observed discrepancy is a consistent feature in neonatal plasma, not attributable to common confounding factors.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the physiological basis for this altered AT-III profile in neonates.