Metabolism of 51Cr, 54Mn, 59Fe and 60Co in lactating dairy cows

Different radionuclides which can be released by nuclear installations (Na2(51) CrO4 , 54MnCl2 , 59FeCl3 and 60CoCl2 ) were given to lactating dairy cows either orally or by intravenous (i.v.) injection. Excretion into feces and urine as well as secretion into milk were followed for several weeks. Distribution of activity in organs was determined at sacrifice 102 days after oral and 70 days after i.v. administration. After ingestion, excretion of chromate followed a three-term exponential function with half-lives of 0.88, 3.7 and 26 days. Intestinal absorption was on the order of 0.1-0.2%. About 63% of injected chromate was excreted into urine, about 18% into feces and about 3.6% into milk. Orally administered chromate was concentrated in liver, intestine and spleen. The transfer coefficient into milk was about 1 X 10(-5) days/1. Less than 1% of an ingested dose of manganese was absorbed. Excretion occurred mainly into feces and followed a three-term exponential function. Very little manganese was excreted into urine or secreted into milk. Manganese is concentrated in brain, pancreas, kidney and heart but the differences in concentration are small. The body burden is, therefore, mainly determined by manganese in muscle, skin and bone. The transfer coefficient of manganese into milk is about 3 X 10(-5). Excretion of iron into feces after oral administration follows a three-term exponential function with a small component having a half-life of 72 days. Intestinal absorption is on the order of 0.5-2% of the dose. After i.v. administration, 7% of the dose is excreted in the feces displaying two components of turnover. Very little iron is excreted into urine. Secretion into milk also follows a two-term exponential function. The transfer coefficient of iron into milk is about 3 X 10(-5). About 0.6% of an oral and about 94% of an i.v. dose were recovered from the cows at sacrifice. Most activity was present in blood, liver and spleen. Excretion of radiocobalt into feces after oral administration is described by a three-term exponential function, while excretion into milk and urine is described by two-term exponential functions. Long-lived components in urine and milk represent about 5-10% of the activity absorbed. Only 1-2% of an oral cobalt dose is absorbed and 0.05% of an oral and 5.85% of an i.v. dose is recovered from the cow at sacrifice where concentrations are highest in kidney and thyroid. The body burden depends mainly on cobalt in muscle, skin and bone. The transfer coefficient of cobalt into milk is about 7.5 X 10(-5).