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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin or DPDPE for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Morphine preference in rats previously morphine dependent.

S Dai, S C Hui, C W Ogle

    Pharmacological Research Communications
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Rats previously dependent on morphine showed a strong preference for the drug even after detoxification. This indicates a high relapse tendency, suggesting addiction in rats following chronic morphine exposure.

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    Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

    Published on: March 8, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Neuroscience
    • Addiction Research

    Background:

    • Chronic morphine administration can lead to physical dependence and tolerance.
    • Understanding relapse mechanisms is crucial for developing effective addiction treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate morphine preference and relapse tendency in previously dependent rats after detoxification.
    • To assess the development of addiction, characterized by relapse, following chronic morphine exposure via drinking fluid.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were made morphine dependent over 3 weeks using increasing concentrations of morphine sulfate in sucrose solution.
    • After detoxification, rats underwent a drinking preference test to assess morphine consumption.
    • Morphine tolerance and dependence recurrence were evaluated in previously dependent rats.

    Main Results:

    • Previously morphine-dependent rats consumed significantly more morphine solution compared to control animals.
    • The previously dependent rats exhibited a recurrence of morphine tolerance and physical dependence.
    • These findings demonstrate a high tendency for relapse in rats after successful drug withdrawal.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic morphine administration in drinking fluid induces tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction in rats.
    • Addiction in this model is characterized by a significant tendency to relapse after detoxification.
    • The study highlights the utility of this model for investigating addiction and relapse behaviors.