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Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve function in alcoholic neuropathy.

K Jensen, K Andersen, T Smith

    Clinical Physiology (Oxford, England)
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic alcohol consumption can impair sympathetic vasomotor nerve function, affecting blood flow regulation. This study reveals that even without severe neuropathy, alcoholics may experience reduced reflex responses, indicating nerve fiber damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Vascular Biology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Chronic alcohol abuse is linked to neurological deficits, including polyneuropathy.
    • Peripheral nerve dysfunction in alcoholics often affects sensory and motor fibers.
    • The impact of alcohol on sympathetic vasomotor nerve function is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate peripheral sympathetic vasomotor nerve function in male chronic alcoholics.
    • To assess the sympathetic veno-arteriolar axon-reflex in relation to alcohol-induced neuropathy.
    • To explore the susceptibility of vasomotor nerves to alcohol's deleterious effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the local 133Xenon washout technique to study sympathetic veno-arteriolar axon-reflex.
    • Evaluated 18 male chronic alcoholics with varying degrees of intellectual impairment or polyneuropathy.

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  • Assessed arteriolar constriction during passive head-up tilt and presence of anhidrosis.

    • Main Results:

    • A reduced veno-arteriolar reflex response was observed in patients with moderate to severe polyneuropathy (18% decrease) compared to those with mild or no neuropathy (48% decrease).
    • The reflex was absent in four patients, indicating peripheral sympathetic adrenergic nerve fiber dysfunction.
    • Impaired arteriolar constriction during head-up tilt was noted in three patients, though orthostatic hypotension symptoms were absent.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic alcohol consumption can impair peripheral sympathetic vasomotor nerve function, contributing to nerve fiber damage beyond sensory and motor neurons.
    • Individual susceptibility to alcohol's neurotoxic effects may involve autonomic nerves, including vasomotor and pseudomotor fibers.
    • Findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction is a significant, often overlooked, consequence of chronic alcoholism.