Subcalcaneal pain: present status, evaluation, and management

Subcalcaneal pain is a clinical syndrome characterized by pain beneath the heel that is worse with ambulation and not associated with any traumatic incident. At present many etiologic factors and forms of treatment have been proposed. Most people respond to nonoperative measures and conservative treatment. A method of evaluation and treatment according to the anatomy and the possible etiologic factors of this condition is presented, along with the plan for surgical management of those patients who have not responded to nonoperative measures and are incapacitated.