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Single-dose treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children

G E Stahl, P Topf, G R Fleisher

    Annals of Emergency Medicine
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed

    Insights

    Single-dose amoxicillin is effective for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children, showing comparable cure rates to conventional therapy. This approach also significantly reduces the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial Stewardship

    Background:

    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children.
    • Conventional antibiotic regimens for UTIs can lead to the development of resistant bacteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose amoxicillin versus conventional 10-day therapy for acute, uncomplicated lower UTIs in children.
    • To assess the impact of single-dose versus conventional therapy on the induction of resistant organisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Randomized controlled trial involving 36 girls (aged 2-17 years) with culture-proven UTIs.
    • Comparison of single-dose amoxicillin with a 10-day course of amoxicillin.
    • Assessment of cure rates, relapse rates, reinfection rates, and development of resistant organisms.

    Main Results:

    • Comparable cure rates (70% vs 75%) and relapse rates (30% vs 25%) between single-dose and conventional therapy groups.
    • Significantly lower induction of resistant organisms in the single-dose group (P < .05).
    • Single-dose therapy showed a lower reinfection rate (0% vs 12%).

    Conclusions:

    • Single-dose amoxicillin is an effective and safe treatment option for uncomplicated pediatric UTIs when selected by clinical criteria and followed by diligent monitoring.
    • Single-dose antibiotic therapy is advantageous in minimizing the selection of resistant gut flora compared to conventional regimens.

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