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Oral and gingival changes in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

L R Eversole, P L Jacobsen, C E Stone

    Journal of Periodontology
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Systemic sclerosis (SSc) significantly impacts oral health, causing dry mouth, limited jaw opening, and sores. These oral issues can hinder dental care access and require specific management strategies for SSc patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Oral Medicine
    • Rheumatology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and immune dysregulation.
    • Oral manifestations are common in SSc but often underdiagnosed and undertreated.
    • Understanding these oral complications is crucial for improving patient quality of life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clinically evaluate the oral and gingival manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis.
    • To identify the prevalence and nature of subjective and objective oral symptoms in SSc.
    • To assess the impact of SSc on dental care access.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical evaluation of 19 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), including two with CREST syndrome.

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  • Subjective assessment of symptoms like xerostomia, limited opening, oral sores, and dysphagia.
  • Objective physical examination of oral mucosa, tongue mobility, and gingival health.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 50% of patients reported xerostomia, limited opening, recurrent oral sores, and dysphagia.
    • Physical examination revealed mucosal crenations and reduced tongue mobility in 25% of patients.
    • Three patients had severe gingival recession due to fibrous strictures and gingival stripping, with four denied dental care due to accessibility issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Systemic sclerosis frequently presents with significant oral and gingival manifestations.
    • Oral symptoms in SSc can impede dental care access and require specialized management.
    • Despite xerostomia, patients did not exhibit uncontrolled dental disease, suggesting other factors are more critical.