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Plastic filing from dialysis tubing induces prostanoid release from macrophages
Abstract:
Multiorgan, abnormalities in dialysis patients (for example, hepatosplenomegaly, granulomatous hepatitis, cytopenia from hypersplenism) have recently been ascribed to the loading of macrophages (MO) with silicone particles released from the pump segment of dialysis tubing. In the present study, the effect of chronic intravenous or intraperitoneal loading of rats with silicone, polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PU) particles on arachidonic acid metabolism of peritoneal MO and splenic cells was examined in vitro. Intravenous injections of silicone, PVC, or PU particles caused accumulation of the material within the lysosomes of MO of spleen, liver, and lung. Spontaneous release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was significantly increased in peritoneal MO of rats injected with silicone, PVC, or PU (Control: 4.27 +/- 0.85 ng PGE2/ml/24 hr; silicone 51.9 +/- 13.2; PVC 57.5 +/- 10.6; PU 28.8 +/- 2.3). Zymosan or LPS stimulated PGE2 release from control MO, but caused no consistent further elevation of high basal PGE2 release from MO after particle loading. Furthermore, increased spontaneous and stimulated TXB2 release was also observed in spleen cells of rats given intravenous injection of silicone particles. It is concluded that storage of plastic particles (silicone, PVC, and PU) by macrophages stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism.
Insights
Dialysis tubing releases plastic particles (silicone, PVC, PU) that macrophages store, increasing prostaglandin and thromboxane release. This study examines particle loading effects on macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Toxicology
- Immunology
Background:
- Dialysis patients can develop multiorgan abnormalities linked to macrophage (MO) loading with silicone particles from dialysis tubing.
- These abnormalities include hepatosplenomegaly, granulomatous hepatitis, and cytopenia due to hypersplenism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of chronic silicone, polyvinylchloride (PVC), and polyurethane (PU) particle loading on the arachidonic acid metabolism of peritoneal MO and splenic cells in rats.
- To determine if particle accumulation in MO affects the release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
Main Methods:
- Rats were chronically loaded with silicone, PVC, or PU particles via intravenous or intraperitoneal injections.
- The in vitro effect of particle loading on arachidonic acid metabolism in peritoneal MO and splenic cells was examined.
- Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured.
Main Results:
- Intravenous injection of silicone, PVC, or PU particles led to particle accumulation within MO lysosomes in the spleen, liver, and lung.
- Spontaneous release of PGE2 and TXB2 was significantly increased in peritoneal MO from rats injected with silicone, PVC, or PU particles.
- Increased spontaneous and stimulated TXB2 release was observed in spleen cells of rats injected with silicone particles.
Conclusions:
- Storage of plastic particles (silicone, PVC, PU) by macrophages stimulates arachidonic acid metabolism.
- This stimulation may contribute to the multiorgan abnormalities observed in dialysis patients.