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Related Experiment Videos

Coccidioidomycosis: early immunologic findings.

C H Miller, M R MacKenzie, T Paglieroni

    The Western Journal of Medicine
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cellular immunity defects are key in extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Impaired lymphocyte and monocyte functions, not cell numbers, indicate higher risk for disseminated coccidioidal infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Mycology

    Background:

    • Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection, can manifest in localized pulmonary or severe extrapulmonary forms, including meningitis.
    • Understanding the immune response is crucial for predicting disease progression and patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cellular immune function in patients with varying forms of coccidioidomycosis.
    • To determine if immune response defects correlate with extrapulmonary dissemination.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed T and B lymphocyte counts and their responses to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A) and antigens (coccidioidin, streptokinase-streptodornase).
    • Measured monocyte phagocytic capacity using coated erythrocytes.
    • Evaluated patients within six months of infection onset.

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    Main Results:

    • Patients with meningeal and nonmeningeal extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis showed significantly reduced lymphocyte responses and monocyte function.
    • Individuals with localized pulmonary coccidioidomycosis did not exhibit these immune deficits.
    • T and B lymphocyte numbers remained normal across all patient groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Defects in cellular immunity, specifically impaired lymphocyte and monocyte function, are implicated in the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis.
    • Assessing lymphocyte and monocyte functional capacity may help identify patients at risk for disseminated disease.