Phosphorylation of human growth hormone by the epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine kinase

In the present study, we have demonstrated that human growth hormone (hGH) can be phosphorylated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated tyrosine kinase of A431 cell membranes. Phosphotyrosine was the predominant phosphoamino acid released from phosphorylated hGH on partial acid hydrolysis. All five tyrosine-containing tryptic peptides of hGH are also phosphorylated by the EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase. The highest phosphate incorporation was found for peptide T4 (residues 20-38), which is distinguished by a high frequency of acidic amino acids. The phosphorylated peptides have been characterized by HPLC and two-dimensional mapping on paper. Comparison with the labeled peptides obtained on tryptic digestion of phosphorylated hGH suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation is restricted to two tryptic peptides, T4 (tyrosine-28 or -35) and T6 (tyrosine-42). It is suggested that the absence of early insulin-like activity in the naturally occurring Mr 20,000 variant of hGH, which has an internal deletion spanning residues 32-46, may be a consequence of the loss of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites at residues 35 and 42.