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Depression, social comparison, and the false-consensus effect.

N Tabachnik, J Crocker, L B Alloy

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Depressed individuals exhibit less false consensus, showing a tendency to devalue themselves. This self-deprecation on negative traits predicts depression severity better than self-views alone.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Social Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • The false-consensus effect describes the tendency for individuals to overestimate consensus for their own attributes.
    • Depression is often associated with distorted self-perceptions and social cognition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the false-consensus effect in depressed and nondepressed college students.
    • To examine self-other perceptions and accuracy of social perceptions in relation to depression.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants (depressed and nondepressed college students) rated the applicability of depression-relevant and irrelevant attributes to themselves and the average college student.
    • Assessed accuracy of social perceptions.
    • Measured depression severity.

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    Main Results:

    • Depressed subjects demonstrated reduced false consensus compared to nondepressed subjects.
    • Nondepressed individuals showed self-enhancement biases, while depressed individuals did not consistently depreciate themselves.
    • Self-deprecation on negative, depression-relevant items predicted depression severity more strongly than self or other perceptions alone.

    Conclusions:

    • Depression is linked to altered social comparison processes, specifically a diminished false-consensus effect.
    • Self-perception and social perception biases play a role in depression, with self-deprecation on negative traits being a significant indicator.
    • Findings have implications for understanding depressive attributional style and informing therapeutic interventions for depression.