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[Pharmacological, toxicological, microbiological and pathohistological studies of gentamycin complex II]
Abstract:
The acute toxicity was determined of the gentamycin complex II (GMC-II) for albino mice, containing gentamycin components in a varying ratio. The LD50 at intraperitoneal application was 347.7 mg/kg body mass, while at oral application it was 5,180 mg (4933 divided by 5439) mg/kg body mass. Histopathologically, (mice killed with high doses of GMC-II, given orally) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver, parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium, and edema and emphysema of the lungs. The local tolerance with regard to a 5 per cent solution of GMC-II applied to the conjunctiva of rabbits at twofold treatment proved to be good. Determined were the minimal inhibiting concentrations of 14 species of pathogenic organisms of great interest to veterinary medicine (Bacillus anthracis, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Salmonella gallinarum, Escherichia coli, etc.). The antibacterial spectrum of GMC-II was similar to that of gentamycin sulphate, however, for some pathogenic organisms higher concentrations were required to produce and antimicrobial effect. Similarly to gentamycin sulphate GMC-II had limited absorbtion in the alimentary canal of clinically normal newborn pigs and of birds. At a high rate (0.05 g/kg body mass) GMC-II applied via the crop to birds it was found to maintain the lowest therapeutic concentration in the serum. At the rate of 0.012 (equal to 12000 IU) per kg of body mass for 24 hours GMC-II produced therapeutic effects in newborn pigs affected with colibacteriosis.
Insights
Gentamycin complex II (GMC-II) shows moderate acute toxicity in mice, with good local tolerance in rabbits. Its antibacterial spectrum is comparable to gentamycin sulfate, proving effective for colibacillosis in pigs.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Gentamycin complex II (GMC-II) is a mixture of gentamycin components with varying ratios.
- Understanding its toxicological profile and antimicrobial efficacy is crucial for veterinary applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the acute toxicity and local tolerance of GMC-II.
- To evaluate the antibacterial spectrum and therapeutic efficacy of GMC-II in relevant animal models.
Main Methods:
- Acute toxicity (LD50) was assessed via intraperitoneal and oral administration in albino mice.
- Histopathological examination of organs was performed in mice treated with high oral doses.
- Local tolerance was evaluated on rabbit conjunctiva.
- Minimal inhibiting concentrations (MICs) were determined against 14 veterinary pathogenic organisms.
- Absorption and therapeutic effects were studied in newborn pigs and birds.
Main Results:
- The oral LD50 in mice was 5,180 mg/kg, and the intraperitoneal LD50 was 347.7 mg/kg.
- Oral administration of high doses caused liver hyperemia, kidney degeneration, and lung edema/emphysema in mice.
- GMC-II demonstrated good local tolerance on rabbit conjunctiva.
- The antibacterial spectrum was similar to gentamycin sulfate, though higher concentrations were needed for some pathogens.
- Limited absorption occurred in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and birds.
- Therapeutic concentrations were achieved in birds via crop administration, and efficacy was shown against colibacillosis in newborn pigs.
Conclusions:
- GMC-II exhibits moderate acute toxicity and good local tolerance.
- Its antibacterial activity is comparable to gentamycin sulfate, with potential therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine, particularly for gastrointestinal infections in young animals.