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Physiological exophoria.

B E Freier, L D Pickwell

    Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Physiological exophoria, a common vision condition, develops gradually with age, particularly in near vision after the early twenties. This study found no link between presbyopic additions and the onset of physiological exophoria.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optometry and Vision Science
    • Ophthalmology
    • Physiological Optics

    Background:

    • Heterophoria, a tendency for the eyes to deviate, is a common clinical finding.
    • Understanding the development of physiological exophoria is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the age-related progression and potential causes of physiological exophoria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the existence, nature, and degree of physiological exophoria in a large optometric patient sample.
    • To determine how physiological exophoria changes with age and visual demands (distance vs. near).
    • To assess whether the use of presbyopic additions influences the development of physiological exophoria.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of heterophoria measurements from 663 optometric patients.

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  • Comparison of distance and near heterophoria values across different age groups.
  • Statistical examination of age- and gender-related differences in physiological exophoria.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean heterophoria values for distance and near vision were similar until the early twenties.
    • After the early twenties, distance heterophoria remained stable, while near heterophoria shifted towards exophoria (averaging 5 prism diopters).
    • Physiological exophoria demonstrated a regular increase with age, independent of gender, with no sudden increase observed upon the initiation of presbyopic additions.

    Conclusions:

    • Physiological exophoria is a normal age-related change, particularly affecting near vision.
    • The development of physiological exophoria is a gradual process and not triggered by presbyopic additions.
    • Optometric management should consider the natural progression of physiological exophoria with age.