Reversible beryllium sensitization in a prospective study of beryllium workers

Area of Science:

• Occupational Medicine
• Immunology
• Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

• Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous and fibrotic lung disorder.
• Increased lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are characteristic of CBD and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
• Blastogenic lymphocyte transformation (LT) to beryllium salts is observed in CBD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prospectively evaluate the relationship between LT, beryllium exposure, and pulmonary changes.
• To determine if LT is reversible with reduced exposure.

Main Methods:

• A 3-year prospective study of beryllium workers.
• Monitoring of lymphocyte transformation (LT) to beryllium salts.
• Assessment of pulmonary function and radiographic changes.

Main Results:

• Positive LT rates decreased from 15.9% in 1979 to 8.2% in 1982, coinciding with reduced beryllium exposure.
• Eight of eleven positive LTs in 1979 became negative in 1982.
• No association was found between positive LT and reduced pulmonary function or radiographic signs of CBD.

Conclusions:

• LT in beryllium workers is directly related to beryllium exposure levels.
• Diligent industrial hygiene measures to reduce exposure can lead to reversible LT.
• LT serves as a biomarker for beryllium exposure and potential risk.