Activity in the mesencephalic locomotor region during locomotion

The activity of single neurons in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) was recorded extracellularly in cats during spontaneous locomotion on a treadmill. Although stimulation of the MLR is required to induce locomotion on a treadmill after a precollicular-postmamillary brain stem transection in the cat, spontaneous locomotion may occur after a precollicular-premamillary transection. The activity of flexor and extensor muscles of each limb also was recorded by EMG. Nearly 50% of the MLR neurons exhibited rhythmic firing patterns during locomotion. In about one-half of those cells, unit firing patterns could be correlated with the EMG activity in one or more muscles by using spike-triggered averaging. Single MLR neurons were found to be correlated to EMG activity in a single limb, and others were related to the EMG from muscles in two limbs or in all four limbs. Passive movement or stoppage of the limb(s) did not abolish rhythmicity in these neurons. In addition, somatosensory stimulation did not appear to affect the firing patterns of MLR neurons. Averaged EMGs of correlated forelimb muscles revealed a postspike mean latency of 7.1 ms. These measurements agreed well with reports of a 1- to 1.5-ms delay in MLR projections to reticulospinal neurons and a 5- to 6-ms delay (postspike) in reticulospinal activity correlated to EMGs during locomotion. These findings suggest that (a) MLR neurons are rhythmically active during locomotion, (b) the activity of MLR neurons can be correlated with that of EMGs in one or more limbs, (c) rhythmicity in MLR neurons may be independent of phasic sensory input, and (d) the downstream influence of the MLR may be relayed, at least in part, via reticulospinal neurons.