Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
Published on: June 2, 2018
The visceral nuclei of the oculomotor complex
Abstract:
A series of experiments in monkeys utilizing the fluorescent tracer substances, FB and NY, injected into the ciliary ganglion have demonstrated labeling in three distinct regions in the mesencephalon: (1) the AM, (2) the NP, and (3) the EWN. Further, it was shown that the caudal extensions of the EWN reached to the level of the CCN of the somatic complex and that the LVC divided into a major and accessory column at the junction of the middle and posterior one-third of the somatic complex. The latter finding, ie, projections from the LVC to the ciliary ganglion in concert with the known connections of the retinorecipient areas in the pretectum with the visceral nuclei, allowed the formation of postulates about the reflex pupillary light pathways.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Eye
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Brainstem
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
Accessory Structures of the Eye

