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Related Experiment Videos

Human tears: osmotic characteristics.

W J Benjamin, R M Hill

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |December 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers measured tear osmolality in healthy adults, finding a mean of 318 mOsm/kg. Tear fluid osmotic pressure shows short-term fluctuations and a slight increase throughout the day.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Physiological Measurement
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Tear film osmolality is a critical indicator of ocular surface health.
    • Previous studies have suggested a narrower range for normal tear osmolality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To precisely measure tear osmolality in healthy individuals over an extended period.
    • To investigate diurnal variations and the normal range of tear osmotic pressure.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected 324 tear samples at 10-minute intervals over 8.5 hours from six healthy adults.
    • Utilized a freezing point depression method requiring only 200 nanoliters of sample volume.

    Main Results:

    • The population mean tear osmolality was 318 mOsm/kg (median 315 mOsm/kg).

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  • Individual subject means ranged from 310 to 334 mOsm/kg.
  • Observed short-term oscillations and a population-wide trend towards hypertonicity (1.43 mOsm/kg/hr).

    • Conclusions:

    • The normal range of tear osmotic pressure is broader than previously assumed.
    • Diurnal changes in tear osmolality occur, with a general trend toward increased tonicity.
    • Asymptomatic eyes exhibit significant variability in tear osmolality.