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Canine distemper encephalomyelitis: variation with virus strain.

B A Summers, H A Greisen, M J Appel

    Journal of Comparative Pathology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Canine distemper virus (CDV) strains cause varying severity of canine distemper encephalomyelitis (CDE). Viral strain significantly influences disease course, pathology, and outcomes in dogs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Virology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a severe, often fatal, neurological disease in dogs.
    • Canine distemper encephalomyelitis (CDE) presents with diverse clinical and pathological manifestations.
    • Understanding the influence of viral strains on CDE pathogenesis is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the disease induced by three distinct virulent CDV strains in Beagle dogs.
    • To analyze the clinical course, neuropathology, and antibody responses associated with each CDV strain.
    • To propose a basis for strain-dependent expression of CDE.

    Main Methods:

    • Infection of specific pathogen-free Beagle dogs with three virulent CDV strains (Snyder Hill, A75-17, R252).
    • Clinical monitoring, necropsy, and neuropathological examination of affected dogs.
    • Measurement of neutralizing antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

    Main Results:

    • All strains induced encephalomyelitis, but with varying severity and neuropathology.
    • Snyder Hill strain caused acute polioencephalomyelitis; A75-17 and R252 strains induced subacute to chronic demyelinating disease.
    • Antibody responses correlated with disease outcome: non-survivors had low/absent titers, while survivors showed early/high titers.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral strain is a critical determinant of the clinical and pathological presentation of canine distemper encephalomyelitis.
    • Distinct CDV strains elicit different neuropathological patterns, ranging from polioencephalomyelitis to demyelinating disease.
    • Antibody production is a key factor in recovery from CDV infection, with intrathecal antibodies potentially indicating persistent CNS infection.

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