Neonatal polycythemia

Neonatal polycythemia occurs in 2 to 12 percent of all newborn infants. It may be the result of placental transfusion but may also be associated with placental insufficiency, congenital abnormalities and endocrine or metabolic disorders. Polycythemia of the newborn requires treatment because the associated blood hyperviscosity may lead to permanent neurologic impairment. Central hematocrits over 65 percent necessitate reduction transfusion using an umbilical venous or arterial catheter.