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[Pneumoencephalography in multiple sclerosis].

A L Leonovich, V F Kuznetsov

    Zhurnal Nevropatologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952)
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pneumoencephalography revealed significant brain changes in patients with disseminated sclerosis, including ventricular enlargement and brain stem atrophy. These findings, particularly hydrocephalus, may serve as additional diagnostic indicators for the condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Radiology
    • Neuroimaging

    Background:

    • Disseminated sclerosis (DS) is a chronic neurological disease.
    • Understanding the neuroanatomical changes associated with DS is crucial for diagnosis and management.
    • Pneumoencephalography offers insights into ventricular and subarachnoidal space morphology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of brain structural changes in patients diagnosed with disseminated sclerosis using pneumoencephalography.
    • To correlate observed neuroanatomical alterations with clinical manifestations and disease severity.

    Main Methods:

    • Pneumoencephalography was conducted on 35 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis.
    • Radiological findings, including ventricular size, brain stem atrophy, and subarachnoidal space patency, were systematically evaluated.
    • Clinical data, such as disease form, motor disturbances, ataxia, and tremor, were correlated with imaging results.

    Main Results:

    • Enlargement of the third ventricle was observed in 60% of patients, lateral ventricles in 45.6%, and the fourth ventricle in 37.2%.
    • Brain stem atrophy was present in 25.4% and subarachnoidal space block in 31.4% of cases.
    • The most severe brain changes correlated with cerebellar DS, severe motor disturbances, ataxia, and tremor; hydrocephalus did not correlate with disease duration.

    Conclusions:

    • Pneumoencephalography demonstrates significant structural abnormalities, including hydrocephalus, in a substantial proportion of disseminated sclerosis patients.
    • The degree of hydrocephalus and other observed changes may serve as valuable clinicoroentgenological markers for disseminated sclerosis.
    • The findings suggest a potential pathogenetic role for hydrocephalus in disseminated sclerosis.

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